What are the harmful effects of teeth clenching and grinding?

Bruxism can lead to serious long-term dental problems. Constant pressure and friction wear down tooth enamel, shorten teeth, and increase sensitivity. Cracks and fractures can occur. Restorations (fillings, crowns, implants) can be damaged. Furthermore, gums are strained, and the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) can be damaged, leading to pain, locking, and limited jaw movement. Some patients experience loss of height due to worn teeth, which can lead to an aged facial appearance.